Coolimg- system s



March 4, 1924, I 1,485,390

' A. C. GOWING COOLING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 11, 1923 Fig.3.

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AlberT C. (Sowing AiTys Patented Mar. 4:,

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ALBERT C. GOWING, Q1 FRANKLIN, llIASSACI-IUSETTS.

COOLING- SYSTEM F015; INTERNAL-COIVIBUSTTON ENGINES.

Application filed September 11, 1923.

I. '0 all whom it may concern:

lie it known that T, ALBERT C. Gowino, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Franklin, county of Norfolk, State of ltlassachusctts, have invented an improve ment in Cooling Systems for TnternalCombustion Engines, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawing, is a specification, like characters on the drawing representing like parts.

This invention relates to a cooling system for gas engines of the type having a water jacket surrounding the engine and a radiator connected to the water jacket in such manner that the water in the water jacket may absorb the heat of the engine and then pass to the radiator, where it is cooled, and from the radiator back to the water jacket thus continually circulating in the cooling system.

.ln cooling systems of the above-mentioned type that are now in common use the water permitted to have a free How from the bottom of the radiator around the engine by means of the engine jacket and then into the top of the radiator. The heated water is cooled in the radiator and descends to the bottom thereof from whence it again passes through the jacket to the top of the radiator and thus continues to circulate. The cooling liquid may be caused to circulate either by the siphon efiect of the rising column of heated liquid or by a pump placed in the cooling system to force the circulation. With the usual cooling sys tem of either of these types all of the water which circulates passes through the jacket, and the circulation starts, in the case of the siphon system, as soon as the water in the jacket becomes warmer than the water in the radiator, and in the case of the pump system as soon as the pump starts to operate. The result of this circulation is that the temperature of: the cylinder walls is only slightly above the temperature of the cooling Water and particularly in the winter, it takes quite a while to bring the engine up to the most eliicient operating temperature and to a temperature at which the liquid fuel, introduced into the cylinder as a spray, is quickly and thoroughly vaporized. Furthermore, in winter, particularly in the case of the siphon cooling system, the liquid continues freely to circulate after Serial No. 662,120.

the operation of the engine has ceased with the result that the engine cools fairly soon after it is stopped.

One of the objects of the present invention is to keep the temperature of the cylinder walls of the engine as near constant as possible. To that end in the device of the present invention there is provided a circulating system through which the water or other cooling medium circulates, said system being separate from the engine jacket but connected thereto, the arrangement being such that during the normal operation of the engine the water in the engine jacket is at a boiling temperature but suliicient water is supplied to the engine jacket to keep the walls and the heads of the cylinders well covered with water.

The constant temperature is obtained by providing connections between the engine jacket and the circulating system which permit only a restricted circulation of water through the engine jacket. The connections are so to med as to allow all of the steam which may be formed during the operation of the engine to escape freely in order that there may he no back pressure which will prevent the water in the engine jacket from entirely covering the walls and heads of the cylinders. The connections are also :tormed so as to allow only the correct amount of Water to pass intothe engine jacket to take the place of the water evaporated by the boiling of the water. This may be accomplished either by restricting the orifice through which the steam passes from the engine jacket into the circulating systerm or by restricting the feed water connection by which water is supplied to the engine jacket, or by a combination of the two methods. The result of this arrangement is that when the engine is running the heat generated causes the water in the jacket to boil but as long as there is sufficient water in the cooling system the temperature of the cylinder walls will be kept at sub stantially boiling temperature.

The circulation of the cooling liquid through the engine jacket may be retarded by means of a member having a restricted orifice placed in the connection between the top of the jacket and the circulating system. In this case the orifice is of such a size and prevents the flow of the heated liquid from the jacket to such an extent jacket.

ways in a position to receive the steam escaping from the orifice and the heat from the engine is thus transferred to the coolingliquid in the circulating system. The

heat is condensed in this 'body of cooling water as soon-as it is delivered thereto thus preventing a loss of water from the cooling system by evaporation.

The water in the circulating system may be circulated in any suitable manner as by a pump or by the steam generated in the When the latter method is used the orificed member may be in the form of a nozzle and preferably an ejector nozzle which draws the'water through the circulating system and forces it toward the radiator while the steam is condensed. Thus there is a rapid'circulation of water through the radiator where it is cooled but there is a retarded flow through the'engine jacket with the result that the engine quickly rises to the temperature at which the water in the jacket'boils and then remains at that temperature, the heat of the engine being ab- 7 sorbed by the vaporization of the water in the water jacket. Furthermore when the engine is-stopped it cools very slowly, because the heated water in the jacket is retained therein.

In addition to the above-mentioned features and as a result thereof it is to be noted that the cylinder walls of an engine equipped with the invention are, during the operation of the engine, at a temperature higher than the temperature ofthe walls of an unequipped engine and, therefore, the vaporization of the fuel is more complete and the flame propagation within the explosive charge is more rapid with the result that there is a complete burning of the charge with little or no after burning and very little depositof carbon within the cylinders.

Other objects and features of the invention will more fully appear from the following description and will be particularly pointed out in the claims.

In order to give an understanding of the invention I have illustrated in the drmvings a selected embodiment thereof which will now be described after which the novel features will be pointed out in the appended claims.

The drawings illustrate both in elevation and section a preferred form of construction of a cooling system and embody the broad principles of the invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevation of the invention applied to a cooling system of the siphon type;

Fig. 2 is a detail of the connections be tween the top of the engine jacket and the circulating system;

Fig. 3 is an elevation of the invention applied to a cooling system having a pump for circulating the cooling liquid.

In the drawings 1 designates a gas engine having a cooling jacket 2 surrounding the cylinders thereof. The circulating system comprises the usual radiator 3 but instead of joining only to the water jacket the circulating system comprises a connection 4 from the bottom of the radiator and a connection 5 from the top of the radiator which are joined by a pipe 6 in such manner that the circulating system is separate from the engine jacket.

The engine jacket, however, is connected to the circulating system by means of a feed water connection 7 and a steam delivery con nection 8. These connections preferably join the pipe 6 at approximately right angles thereto so that although water may flow into the water jacket and fill the same, the circulation of the water in the circulating system does not force and very little influences the circulation of the water in the engine jacket. The engine jacket may, therefore, be termed a boiler in which steam is formed due to the heat generated within the cylinders of the engine and from which the steam escapes by means of the connection 8 and into which feed water is supplied by means of the connection 7. It is readily seen that when the engine is started the water in the water jacket will quickly rise to a boiling temperature and will turn into steam, the heat of the engine being consumed in boiling the water after it has risen to a boiling temperature.

As stated above, an important feature of the invention is the means to maintain the water in the engine jacket at a boiling temperature and, as heretofore stated, this is accomplished by retarding the circulation of water through the engine jacket to such an extent that during the normal operation of the engine the heat generated by the engine causes the water to boil. The circulation of the water in the engine jacket may be retarded either by restricting the connection 8 in any desired manner or by using a pipe 7 which will admit only the desired quantity of water to the engine jacket, or by a combination of the two methods. The orifice is designated at 9 and is large enough, even though restricted, to permit the passage of steam from the top of the engine jacket into the circulating system at such a rate that the water in the water jacket covers the walls and tops of the cylinders, but the movement of the water is retarded either by the re stricted orifice or the pipe -7 so that the Water is always at a boiling temperature.

In order to cause the operation of an engine equipped with the invention with a miniuin loss of water from the cooling system, the water in the circulating system must be kept cool so that the steam issuing from the connection 8 may be condensed. The water is kept cool by causing it to circulate through the circulating system. This may be accomplished either by a pump 10 or the escape of steam from the engine jacket through a nozzle. If the pump 10 is used the orifice 9 is preferably unrestricted, as shown in Fig. 3, and the pipe 7 is of such a size that it permits the correct amount of water to pass into the engine jacket.

If a nozzle is used to circulate the water it may be of any suitable design and placed in any position so long as it performs its function of circulating the water in the circulating system. The nozzle may act both as a means to circulate the water in the circulating system and as a member to restrict the circulation of the water through the engine jacket. To that end the nozzle 11 may be formed with a restricted outlet 12 of a size to restrict the circulation of water through the jacket to such an extent that the water boils therein, the orifice 9 from the acket into the circulating system. being of any suitable size. The nozzle is preferably located at the orifice and as illustrated V the orifice may conveniently be threaded and the nozzle may also be threaded and then screwed into the orifice. To obtain a good circulation of water in the circulating sys tem the nozzle projects from the connection 8 past the pipe 6 of the circulating system a suitable distance along the interior of the connection 5. The steam issuing from the outlet 12 of the nozzle therefore forces the circulation of water through the connection 5 and draws the cool water up the pipe 6 thus maintaining the circulation of the cool water.

In order to facilitate the operation of the nozzle as a. circulating means the nozzle may be made in the form of an ejector. The ejector part of the nozzle has been generally illustrated in Fig. 2 as a sleeve 13 supported adjacent the outlet end of the nozzle by means of straps 14:. The ejector nozzle is so positioned with regard to the steam connection and the circulating system that the ejector action circulates the water in the circulating system. The parts of the ejector nozzle perform their usual function and by this means a very efiicient and rapid circulation of water is established in the circulating system.

In order to provide a space for the collection of the steam which is formed from the boiling water in the water jacket, a steam dome 15 may be fastened on the water jacket in such a position that it communicates with the steam delivery connection. In case the steam dome is provided, the connection 8 is at the point where the steam dome joins the circulating system and the nozzle is located at this point.

The various pipes of the cooling system may be joined by means of the usual hose connections 16 held in place in any suitable manner as by bands 17 and other parts of the circulation system, such as the steam dome and feed water pipe, may firmly be secured to the engine jacket by bolts 18. The parts of the circulating system may be made of any suitable material.

Although a particular and preferred form of the invention has been described it is obvious that modifications may be made in the construction and relation of the parts. It is, therefore, desired that the invention be construed as broadly as the limitations in the claims, taken in conjunction with the prior art, may allow.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

l. The combination with an internal combustion ingine having a water jacket, of a circulating system through which water or other cooling medium circulates, said system being separate from the engine jacket and including a radiator, and a feed Water connection to supply water from the circulating system to the jacket, a steam delivery connection between the water jacket and the circulating system, said connections being so formed that they restrict the circulation of water through the j aoket to such an extent that during the normal operation of the engine the water in the jacket is at boiling temperature.

2. The combination with an internal combustion engine having a water jacket, of a circulating system through which Water or other cooling medium circulates, said system being separate from the engine jacket and including a radiator, means to maintain a circulation of the water in the cooling system, a feed water connection to supply water from the circulating system to the jacket, a steam delivery connection between the water jacket and the circulating system, said connections being so formed that they restrict the circulation of water through the jacket-to such an extent that during the normal operation of the engine the water in the jacket is at boiling temperature.

3. The combination with an internal combustion engine having a water jacket, of a circulating system through which water or other cooling medium circulates, said system being separate from the engine jacket and including a radiator, a feed Water connection to supply water from the circulating system to the jacket, a steam delivery connection between the water jacket and the circulating system and a. member within the steam delivery connection to restrict the circulation of water through the jacket to such an extent that during the normal operation of the engine the water in the jacket is at boiling temperature.

a. The combination with an internal combustion engine having a water jacket, of a circulating system through which water or other cooling medium circulates, said system being separate from the engine jacket and including a radiator, a feed water connection to supply water from the circulating system to the jacket, a steam delivery con nection between the water jacket and the circulating system, and a nozzle member so positioned within the steam delivery connection that the steam issuing therefrom causes the circulation of water in the circulating system.

5. The combination 'ith an internal combustion engine having a water jacket, of a circulating system through which water or other cooling medium circulates, said system being separate from the engine jacket and including a radiator, a feed water connection to supply water from the circulating system to the jacket, a steam delivery connection between the water jacket and the circulating system, a steam come on the jacket communicating with the steam delivery connection, and a nozzle member within the steam delivery connection so positioned that the steam issuing therefrom causes the circulation of the Water in the circulating system, said nozzle member also operating to restrict the circulation of water through the acket to such an extent that during the normal operation of the engine the water in the jacket is at a boiling temperature.

(3. The combination with an internal combustion engine having a water jacket, of a circulating system through which water or other cooling medium circulates, said system. being separate from the engine jacket and including a radiator, a feed water connection to supply water from the circulating system to the jacket, a steam delivery connection between the water jacket and the circulating system, an injector nozzle within the steam delivery connection so posi tioucd with regard to the steam connection and the circulating system that the'injector action circulates the water in the circulating system.

7. The combinationwith an internal combustion engine having a water jacket, 01 a circulating system through which water or other cooling medium circulates, said system being separate from the engine jacket and including a'radiator, a feed water connection to supply water from the circulating system to the jacket, a steam delivery connection between the water jacket and the circulating system, a steam dome on the jacket. communicating with the steam delivery connection, and an injector nozzle within the steam delivery connection so positionedwith regard to the steam connection and the circulating system that the injector action circulates the water in the circulating system, said nozzle member also operating to restrict the circulation of water through the jacket to such an extent that during the normal operation of the engine the water in the jacket is at a boiling temperature.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

ALBERT C. GOWING. 

